Grammar Tutorial ::: Imperative Mood / आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara

MKP June 26, 2022

Grammar Tutorial ::: Imperative Mood / आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara

आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara (Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests): In previous three chapters we studied about tenses. In this chapter we will study about verb-forms used in imerative mood. These verb-forms are used while giving commands or requests. आझयांलोट्लकार (aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara) verb-forms represent these.

The complete आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in imperative mood.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Imperative Mood - Third Person Singular

आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha ekavachana

1. Let the boy read. बालकः पठतु

baalakaH paThatu बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

2. Let the girl read. बालिका पठतु

baalikaa paThatu बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

3. Let Rama read. रामः पठतु

raamaH paThatu राम

raama पठ्

paTh -

4. Let Sita read. सीता पठतु

siitaa paThatu सीता

siitaa पठ्

paTh -

5. Let the boy go. बालकः गच्छतु

baalakaH gachchhatu बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

6. Let the girl go. बालिका गच्छतु

baalikaa gachchhatu बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

Imperative Mood - Third Person Plural

आझयांलोट्लकार प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara prathamapuruSha bahuvachana)

7. Let the boys read. बालकाः पठन्तु

baalakaaH paThantu बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

8. Let the girls read. बालिकाः पठन्तु

baalikaaH paThantu बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

9. Let the students read. च्छात्राः पठन्तु

chchhaatraaH paThantu च्छात्र

chchhaatra पठ्

paTh -

10. Let the clearks read. लिपिकाराः पठन्तु

lipikaaraaH paThantu लिपिकार

lipikaara पठ्

paTh -

11. Let the boys go. बालकाः गच्छन्तु

baalakaaH gachchhantu बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

12. Let the girls go. बालिकाः गच्छन्तु

baalikaaH gachchhantu बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).

In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).

All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Imperative Mood - Second Person Singular

आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha ekavachana

13. You go. त्वं गच्छ

tva.n gachchha युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

14. You read. त्वं पठ

tva.n paTha युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

Imperative Mood - First Person Singular

आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha ekavachana

15. Let me go. अहं गच्चानि

aha.n gachchhaani अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

16. Let me read. अहं पठानि

aha.n paThaani अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

Imperative Mood - Second Person Plural

आझयांलोट्लकार मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana)

17. You all go. युयं गच्छत

yua.n gachchhata युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

18. You all read. युयं पठत

yua.n paThata युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

Imperative Mood - First Person Plural

आझयांलोट्लकार उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara uttamapuruSha bahuvachana)

19. Let us all go. वयं गच्छाम

vaya.n gachchhaama अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

20. Let us all read. वयं पठाम

vaya.n paThaama अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).

In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / uttamapuruSha bahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).

The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Imperative Mood Dual ( आझयांलोट्लकार द्विवचन / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara dvivachana)

21. Let the two boys read. बालकौ पठताम्

baalakau paThataam बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

22. Let the two girls read. बालिके पठताम्

baalike paThataam बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

23. Let the two boys go. बालकौ गच्छताम्

baalakau gachchhataam बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

24. Let the two girls go. बालिके गच्छताम्

baalike gachchhataam बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

25. Let the two students read. च्छात्रौ पठताम्

chchhatrau paThataam च्छात्र

chchhaatra पठ्

paTh -

26. Let the two clearks read. लिपिकारौ पठताम्

lipikaarau paThataam लिपिकार

lipikaara पठ्

paTh -

27. Both of you go. युवां गच्छतम्

yuvaa.n gachchhatam युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

28. Both of you read. युवां पठतम्

yuvaa.n paThatam युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

29. Let both of us go. आवां गच्छाव

aavaa.n gachchhaava अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

30. Let both of us read. आवां पठाव

aavaa.n paThaava अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using लृट्लकार / lRRiTlakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.

In the next chapter we will study विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) or optative mood.

Read / पठ् / paTh : आझयांलोट्लकार / aajhaayaa.nloTlakaara

(Imperative Mood - Commands & Requests)

Person / पुरुष / puruSha Number / वचन / vachana

Singular

एकवचन / ekavachana Dual

द्वीवचन / dviivachana Plural

बहुवचन / bahuvachana

Third

प्रथम / prathama पठतु / paThatu पठताम् / paThataam पठन्तु / paThantu

Second

मध्यम / madhyama पठ / paTha पठतम् / paThatam पठत / paThata