Grammar Tutorial ::: Optative Mood / विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara

MKP June 26, 2022

विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara (Optative Mood - Should or May): In previous chapter we studied about imperative mood. In this chapter we will study about optative mood. विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) verb-forms represent sentences in optative mood. So, any sentence indicating possibility of something verb-forms of विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) should be used.

The complete विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara of पठ् / paTh (read) and गम् / gam (go) धातु / dhaatu are given at the end of this chapter for reference. Study the following sentences. These are in विधैलिङ्लकार (vidhailiN^lakaara) or optative mood.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Optative Mood - Third Person Singular

विधैलिङ्लकार प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara prathamapuruSha ekavachana

1. The boy should read. बालकः पठेत्

baalakaH paThet बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

2. The girl should read. बालिका पठेत्

baalikaa paThet बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

3. Rama should read. रामः पठेत्

raamaH paThet राम

raama पठ्

paTh -

4. Sita should read. सीता पठेत्

siitaa paThet सीता

siitaa पठ्

paTh -

5. The boy should go. बालकः गच्छेत्

baalakaH gachchhet बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

6. The girl should go. बालिका गच्छेत्

baalikaa gachchhet बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

Optative Mood - Third Person Plural

विधैलिङ्लकार प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara prathamapuruSha bahuvachana)

7. The boys should read. बालकाः पठेयुः

baalakaaH paTheyaH बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

8. The girls should read. बालिकाः पठेयुः

baalikaaH paTheyaH बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

9. Students should read. च्छात्राः पठेयुः

chchhaatraaH paTheyaH च्छात्र

chchhaatra पठ्

paTh -

10. Clearks should read. लिपिकाराः पठेयुः

lipikaaraaH paTheyaH लिपिकार

lipikaara पठ्

paTh -

11. The boys should go. बालकाः गच्छेयुः

baalakaaH gachchheyuH बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

12. The girls should go. बालिकाः गच्छेयुः

baalikaaH gachchheyuH बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

In setences 1 to 6, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana). As the verb always follows the number and peson, the verb (पठति / paThati) is also in 3rd person singular (प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन / prathamapuruSha ekavachana).

In case of setences 7 to 12, the Subject (कर्ता / kartaa) is in 3rd person plural (प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana). Similarly the verb (पठन्ति / paThanti) is also in प्रथमपुरुष बहुवचन / prathamapuruSha bahuvachana of verb पठ् (paTh).

All the above sentences were in third person (प्रथमपुरुष / prathamapuruSha). Now let us study the following sentences. These are in second person (मध्यमपुरुष / madhyamapuruSha) and first person (उत्तमपुरुष / uttamapuruSha).

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Optative Mood - Second Person Singular

विधैलिङ्लकार मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara madhyamapuruSha ekavachana

13. You should go. त्वं गच्छेः

tva.n gachchheH युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

14. You should read. त्वं पठेः

tva.n paTheH युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

Optative Mood - First Person Singular

विधैलिङ्लकार उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara uttamapuruSha ekavachana

15. I should go. अहं गच्छेयम्

aha.n gachchheyam अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

16. I should read. अहं पठेयम्

aha.n paTheyam अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

Optative Mood - Second Person Plural

विधैलिङ्लकार मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana)

17. You all should go. युयं गच्छेत

yua.n पठेयम् युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

18. You all should read. युयं पठेत

yua.n paTheta युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

Optative Mood - First Person Plural

विधैलिङ्लकार उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara uttamapuruSha bahuvachana)

19. We all should go. वयं गच्छेम

vaya.n gachchhema अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

20. We all should read. वयं पठेम

vaya.n paThema अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

In sentences 13 and 14 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person singular (मध्यमपुरुष एकवचन / madhyamapuruSha ekavachana) and in case of 17 and 18 the Subject (kartaa) is in second person plural (मध्यमपुरुष बहुवचन / madhyamapuruSha bahuvachana). We can see that in all these sentences the Subject used is युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of second person the kartaa is always युस्मद् (yusmad) शब्द (shabda).

In sentences 15 and 16 the Subject is in first person singular (उत्तमपुरुष एकवचन / uttamapuruSha ekavachana). In case of 19 and 20 the Subject is in first person plural (उत्तमपुरुष बहुवचन / uttamapuruSha bahuvachana). In all these sentences the Subjects used is अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda). In case of first person the kartaa is always अस्मद् (asmad) शब्द (shabda).

The followings are the dual number form of above sentences.

आङ्ग्लभाषा / English संस्कृत / Sanskrit Subject

शब्द / shabda Verb

धातु / dhaatu Comments

Optative Mood Dual ( विधैलिङ्लकार द्विवचन / vidhailiN^lakaara dvivachana)

21. Two boys should read. बालकौ पठेताम्

baalakau paThetaam बालक

baalaka पठ्

paTh -

22. Two girls should read. बालिके पठेताम्

baalike paThetaam बालिका

baalikaa पठ्

paTh -

23. Two boys should go. बालकौ गच्छेताम्

baalakau gachchhetaam बालक

baalaka गम्

gam -

24. Two girls should go. बालिके गच्छेताम्

baalike gachchhetaam बालिका

baalikaa गम्

gam -

25. Two students should read. च्छात्रौ पठेताम्

chchhatrau paThetaam च्छात्र

chchhaatra पठ्

paTh -

26. Two clearks should read. लिपिकारौ पठेताम्

lipikaarau paThetaam लिपिकार

lipikaara पठ्

paTh -

27. Both of you should go. युवां गच्छेतम्

yuvaa.n gachchhatam युस्मद्

yusmad गम्

gam -

28. Both of you should read. युवां पठेतम्

yuvaa.n paThetam युस्मद्

yusmad पठ्

paTh -

29. Both of us should go. आवां गच्छेव

aavaa.n gachchheva अस्मद्

asmad गम्

gam -

30. Both of us should read. आवां पठेव

aavaa.n paTheva अस्मद्

asmad पठ्

paTh -

At the end of this chapter in Verb Forms - Practice Sentences 1 a collection of many Sanskrit sentences using विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara are given. You will know about many more nouns (शब्द / shabda) and verbs (धातु / dhaatu) in those.

Read / पठ् / paTh : विधैलिङ्लकार / vidhailiN^lakaara

(Optative Mood - Should or May)

Person / पुरुष / puruSha Number / वचन / vachana

Singular

एकवचन / ekavachana Dual

द्वीवचन / dviivachana Plural

बहुवचन / bahuvachana

Third

प्रथम / prathama पठेत् / paThet पठेताम् / paThetaam पठेयुः / paTheyaH

Second

मध्यम / madhyama पठेः / paTheH पठेतम् / paThetam पठेत / paTheta

First