४.१.१ — अथातः क्रत्वर्थपुरुषार्थयोर् जिज्ञासा
English: Now, the inquiry regarding the purpose of action and human aim begins.
४.१.२ — यस्मिन् प्रीतिः पुरुषस्य तस्य लिप्सार्थलक्षणाविभक्तत्वात्
English: When there is pleasure for a person, the purpose and desire are distinctly recognized.
४.१.३ — तदुत्सर्गे कर्माणि पुरुषार्थाय शास्त्रस्यानतिशङ्क्यत्वान् न च द्रव्यं चिकीर्ष्यते तेनार्थेनाभिसम्बन्धात् क्रियायां पुरुषश्रुतिः
English: When actions are dedicated for human purpose, the scriptures consider them free from doubt, and material objects are not desired; the connection to human purpose is clear in the act.
४.१.४ — अविशेषात् तु शास्त्रस्य यथाश्रुति फलानि स्युः
English: Without distinction, according to scripture, the results of actions are obtained.
४.१.५ — अपि वा कारणाग्रहणे तदर्थम् अर्थस्यानभिसम्बन्धात्
English: Even if the cause is not accepted, the purpose remains connected with the action.
४.१.६ — तथा च लोकभूतेषु
English: Similarly, in worldly acts, this connection is observed.
४.१.७ — द्रव्याणि त्व् अविशेषेणानर्थक्यात् प्रदीयेरन्
English: Material objects are offered without distinction of purpose.
४.१.८ — स्वेन त्वर्थे न सम्बन्धो द्रव्याणां पृथगर्थत्वात् तस्माद् यथाश्रुति स्युः
English: There is no connection of material objects with one’s own purpose, as their meaning differs; hence results occur according to the scriptures.
४.१.९ — चोद्यन्ते चार्थकर्मसु
English: Questions arise regarding the four types of actions.
४.१.१० — लिङ्गदर्शनाच् च
English: The knowledge of action and purpose is derived from observing the signs.
४.१.११ — तत्रैकत्वमयज्ञाङ्गम् अर्थस्य गुणभूतत्वात्
English: There, unity and the components of sacrifice relate to the purpose and qualities.
४.१.१२ — एकश्रुतित्वाच् च
English: Even with a single scriptural testimony, results are established.
४.१.१३ — प्रतीयते इति चेत्
English: It is thus understood.
४.१.१४ — नाशब्दं तत्प्रमाणत्वात् पूर्ववत्
English: Even if unspoken, the result follows prior scriptural authority.
४.१.१५ — शब्दवत् तूपलभ्यते तदागमे हि तद्दृश्यते तस्य ज्ञानं हि यथान्येषाम्
English: It is attained in the form of word; it is visible in the scriptures, and its knowledge is not otherwise obtained.
४.१.१६ — तद्वच् च लिङ्गदर्शनम्
English: That word indicates the sign (linga) of action and purpose.
४.१.१७ — तथा च लिङ्गम्
English: Similarly, the sign (linga) also reveals the purpose.
४.१.१८ — आश्रयिष्व् अविशेषेण भावोऽर्थः प्रतीयेत
English: The essence and purpose of action are perceived even without a specific basis.
४.१.१९ — चोदनायां त्व् अनारम्भोऽविभक्तत्वान् न ह्य् अन्येन विधीयते
English: In inquiry, an uninitiated act is not divided and cannot be applied otherwise.
४.१.२० — स्याद् वा द्रव्यचिकीर्षायां भावोऽर्थे च गुणभूतताश्रयाद् धि गुणीभावः
English: If there is desire for an object, its qualities give rise to its inherent essence.
४.१.२१ — अर्थे समवैषम्यतो द्रव्यकर्मणाम्
English: Objects and actions exhibit equality and inequality based on purpose.
४.१.२२ — एकनिष्पत्तेः सर्वे समं स्यात्
English: A single result leads all actions to an equal outcome.
४.१.२३ — संसर्गरसनिश्पत्तेरामिक्षा वा प्रधानं स्यात्
English: In the production of conjunction or essence, the main element is considered primary.
४.१.२४ — मुख्यशब्दाभिसंस्तवाच् च
English: The connection of the main word also determines meaning.
४.१.२५ — पदकर्माप्रयोजकं नयनस्य परार्थत्वात्
English: The utility of words and actions is not for sight or external purpose alone.
४.१.२६ — अर्थाभिधानकर्म च भविष्यता संयोगस्य तन्निमित्तत्वात् तदर्थो हि विधीयते
English: Purpose is determined by the future combination of meaning, designation, and action.
४.१.२७ — पशाव् अनालम्भाल् लोहितशकृतोर् अकर्मत्वम्
English: The inactivity of animals or vital powers arises from lack of support.
४.१.२८ — एकदेशद्रव्यश् चोत्पत्तौ वद्यमानसंयोगात्
English: In the production of an object in one place, the generated combination must be considered.
४.१.२९ — निर्देशात् तस्यान्यद् अर्थाद् इति चेत्
English: If it is stated, then it will be directed according to another meaning.
४.१.३० — न शेषसन्निधानात्
English: It does not happen due to the presence of the remainder.
४.१.३१ — कर्मकार्यात्
English: Action is performed for the purpose of accomplishing the task.
४.१.३२ — लिङ्गदर्शनाच् च
English: The purpose of action can also be understood by observing the sign (linga).
४.१.३३ — अभिघारणे विप्रकर्षाद् अनूयाजवत् पात्रभेदः स्यात्
English: In appropriation, distinction among recipients arises according to their capability.
४.१.३४ — न वा पात्रत्वाद् अपात्रत्वं त्व् एकदेशत्वात्
English: Lack of eligibility is not considered if the object is in the same place.
४.१.३५ — हेतुत्वाच् च सहप्रयोगस्य
English: Being a cause allows co-utilization.
४.१.३६ — अभावदर्शनाच् च
English: Observation of absence clarifies meaning or outcome.
४.१.३७ — सति सव्यवचनम्
English: When present, the address or reference is appropriate and consistent.
४.१.३८ — न तस्येति चेत्
English: If it does not happen.
४.१.३९ — स्यात् तस्य मुख्यत्वात्
English: It is considered so because it is primary.
४.१.४० — समानयनं तु मुख्यं स्याल् लिङ्गदर्शनात्
English: By observing the sign, the primary unification is recognized.
४.१.४१ — वचने हि हेत्वसामर्थ्यम्
English: In the word itself, the cause and capability are indicated.
४.१.४२ — तत्रोत्पत्तिर् अविभक्ता स्यात्
English: There, the production is considered indivisible.
४.१.४३ — तत्र जौहवम् अनूयाजप्रतिषेधार्थम्
English: There, the authority (jauhva) exists for compliance or opposition.
४.१.४४ — औपभृतं तथेति चेत्
English: If it is said, it will be considered auxiliary (appropriate).
४.१.४५ — स्याज् जुहूप्रतिषेधान् नित्यानुवादः
English: Opposition to juhu (offering) is not continuously applied.
४.१.४६ — तदष्टसङ्ख्यं श्रवणात्
English: It is recognized as eight through hearing.
४.१.४७ — अनुग्रहाच् च जौहवस्य
English: The favor or support of jauhva is also acknowledged.
४.१.४८ — द्वयोस् तु हेतुसामर्थयं श्रवणं च समानयने
English: The causal capability and hearing of both are considered from a unified perspective.


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