४.२.१ — स्वरुस् त्व् अनेकनिष्पत्तिः स्वकर्मशब्दत्वात्
English: A sound may have multiple meanings according to its own verbal action.
४.२.२ — जात्यन्तराच् च शङ्कते
English: Doubts may arise regarding differences between castes.
४.२.३ — तदेकदेशो वा स्वरुत्वस्य तन्निमित्तत्वात्
English: The uniqueness of a sound in one place arises due to its cause.
४.२.४ — शकलश्रुतेश् च
English: Each shruti (tone) has its own distinct character.
४.२.५ — प्रतियूपं च दर्शनात्
English: Even on observing identical forms, distinctions are perceived.
४.२.६ — आदाने करोतिशब्दः
English: Words are formed at the beginning (initiation) of action.
४.२.७ — शाखायां तत्प्रधानत्वात्
English: It is considered primary in the branch.
४.२.८ — शाखायां तत्प्रधानत्वाद् उपवेषेण विभागः स्याद् वैषम्यं तत्
English: Due to primary status in a branch, divisions arise according to arrangement.
४.२.९ — श्रुत्यपायाच् च
English: Knowledge is also acquired through hearing (shruti).
४.२.१० — हरणे तु जुहोतिर् योगसामान्याद् द्रव्याणां चार्थशेषत्वात्
English: In removal, the offering (juhoti) is general, as the residue of substances clarifies meaning.
४.२.११ — प्रतिपत्तिर् वा शब्दस्य तत्प्रधानत्वात्
English: Establishment of the word occurs due to its primary status.
४.२.१२ — अर्थेऽपि चेत्
English: Similarly, in meaning as well.
४.२.१३ — न तस्यानधिकाराद् अर्थस्य च कृतत्वात्
English: It is not considered so due to lack of authority and the accomplishment of meaning.
४.२.१४ — उत्पत्त्यसंयोगात् प्रणीतानाम् आज्यवद् विभागः स्यात्
English: Due to production and combination, division occurs according to the conclusion.
४.२.१५ — संयवनार्थानां वा प्रतिपत्तिर् इतरासां तत्प्रधानत्वात्
English: Establishment of others for combination purposes occurs due to primacy.
४.२.१६ — प्रासनवन् मैत्रावरुणस्य दण्डप्रदानं कृतार्थत्वात्
English: Prasanavan’s punishment by Maitravaruna is considered accomplished.
४.२.१७ — अर्थकर्म वा कर्तृसंयोगात् स्रग्वत्
English: Meaning and action are connected through the agent’s association.
४.२.१८ — कर्मयुक्ते च दर्शनात्
English: When an action is associated, it is perceived through observation.
४.२.१९ — उत्पत्तौ येन संयुक्तं तदर्थं तच्छ्रुतिहेतुत्वात् तस्यार्थान्तरगमने शेषत्वात् प्रतिपत्तिः स्यात्
English: In production, that which is combined, due to its shruti cause and remainder, is established.
४.२.२० — सौमिके च कृतार्थत्वात्
English: The acts related to Soma are considered accomplished.
४.२.२१ — अर्थकर्म वाभिधानसंयोगात्
English: Meaning and action are connected through verbal association.
४.२.२२ — प्रतिपत्तिर् वा तन्न्यायत्वाद् देशार्थावभृथश्रुतिः
English: Establishment occurs according to justice, place, and meaning.
४.२.२३ — कर्तृदेशकालानाम् अचोदनं प्रयोगे नित्यसमवायात्
English: In practice, instructions regarding agent, place, and time remain consistent.
४.२.२४ — नियमार्था वा श्रुतिः
English: Hearing occurs according to the rule.
४.२.२५ — तथा द्रव्येषु गुणश्रुतिर् उत्पत्तिसंयोगात्
English: Qualities of substances are known through production and combination.
४.२.२६ — संस्कारे च तत्प्रधानत्वात्
English: The ritual (Samskara) is important due to its primary status.
४.२.२७ — यजति चोदनाद्रव्यदेवताक्रियं समुदाये कृतार्थत्वात्
English: The act is accomplished due to the yajamana’s command and the substance deity’s action.
४.२.२८ — तदुक्ते श्रवणाज् जुहोतिर् आसेचनाधिकः स्यात्
English: According to hearing, the offering (juhoti) holds greater significance.
४.२.२९ — विधेः कर्मापवर्गित्वाद् अर्थान्तरे विधिप्रदेशः स्यात्
English: Due to separation of the act, there is prescription in meaning transfer.
४.२.३० — अपि वोत्पत्तिसंयोगाद् अर्थसम्बन्धोऽविशिष्टानां प्रयोगैकत्वहेतुः स्यात्
English: Due to production and combination, the unity of application is established.
४.२.३१ — द्रव्यसंस्कारकर्मसु परार्थत्वात् फलश्रुतिर् अर्थवादः स्यात्
English: In substances, rituals, and actions, fruit-report and meaning arise due to other-benefit.


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