Chapter
LXI
Then the
minister Gomukha again said to Naraváhanadatta, in order to solace him while
pining for Śaktiyaśas; “Prince, you have heard a tale of a wise person, now
hear a tale about a fool.”
Story
of the foolish merchant who made aloes-wood into charcoal.
A certain
rich merchant had a blockhead of a son. He, once on a time, went to the island
of Kaṭáha to trade, and among his wares there was a great quantity of fragrant
aloes-wood. And after he had sold the rest of his wares, he could not find any
one to take the aloes-wood off his hands, for the people who live there are not
acquainted with that article of commerce. Then, seeing people buying charcoal
from the woodmen, the fool burnt his stock of aloes-wood and reduced it to
charcoal. Then he sold it for the price which charcoal usually fetched, and
returning home, boasted of his cleverness, and became a laughing-stock to
everybody.
“I have
told you of the man who burnt aloes-wood, now hear the tale of the cultivator
of sesame.”
Story
of the man who sowed roasted seed.
There was a
certain villager who was a cultivator, and very nearly an idiot. He one day
roasted some sesame-seeds, and, finding them nice to eat, he sowed a large
number of roasted seeds, hoping that similar ones would come up. When they did
not come up, on account of their having been roasted, he found that he had lost
his substance, and people laughed at him.
“I have
spoken of the sesame-cultivator, now hear about the man who threw fire into
water.”
Story
of the fool who mixed fire and water.
There was a
silly man, who, one night, having to perform a sacrifice next day, thus
reflected:—“I require water and fire, for bathing, burning incense, and other
purposes; so I will put them together, that I may quickly obtain them when I
want them.” Thus reflecting, he threw the fire into the pitcher of water, and
then went to bed. And in the morning, when he came to look, the fire was extinct,
and the water was spoiled. And when he saw the water blackened with charcoal,
his face was blackened also, and the faces of the amused people were wreathed
in smiles.
“You have
heard the story of the man who was famous on account of the pitcher of fire,
now hear the story of the nose-engrafter.”
Story
of the man who tried to improve his wife’s nose.
There lived
in some place or other a foolish man of bewildered intellect. He, seeing that
his wife was flat-nosed, and that his spiritual instructor was high-nosed, cut
off the nose of the latter when he was asleep: and then he went and cut off his
wife’s nose, and stuck the nose of his spiritual instructor on her face, but it
would not grow there. Thus he deprived both his wife and his spiritual guide of
their noses.
“Now hear
the story of the herdsman who lived in a forest.”
Story
of the foolish herdsman.
There lived
in a forest a rich but silly herdsman. Many rogues conspired together and made
friends with him. They said to him, “We have asked the daughter of a rich
inhabitant of the town in marriage for you, and her father has promised to give
her. When he heard that, he was pleased and gave them wealth, and after a few
days they came again and said, “Your marriage has taken place.” He was very much
pleased at that, and gave them abundance of wealth. And after some more days
they said to him: “A son has been born to you.” He was in ecstasies at that,
and he gave them all his wealth, like the fool that he was, and the next day he
began to lament, saying, “I am longing to see my son.” And when the herdsman
began to cry, he incurred the ridicule of the people on account of his having
been cheated by the rogues, as if he had acquired the stupidity of cattle from
having so much to do with them.
“You have heard
of the herdsman; now hear the story of the ornament-hanger.”
Story of
the fool and the ornaments.
A certain
villager, while digging up the ground, found a splendid set of ornaments, which
thieves had taken from the palace and placed there. He immediately took them
and decorated his wife with them; he put the girdle on her head, and the
necklace round her waist, and the anklets on her wrists, and the bracelets on
her ears.
When the
people heard of it, they laughed, and bruited it about. So the king came to
hear of it, and took away from the villager the ornaments, which belonged to
himself, but let the villager go unharmed, because he was as stupid as an
animal.
Story
of the Fool and the Cotton.
I have told
you, prince, of the ornament-finder, now hear the story of the cotton-grower. A
certain blockhead went to the market to sell cotton, but no one would buy it
from him on the ground that it was not properly cleaned. In the meanwhile he
saw in the bazar a goldsmith selling gold, which he had purified by heating it,
and he saw it taken by a customer. When the stupid creature saw that, he threw
the cotton into the fire in order to purify it, and when it was burnt up, the
people laughed at him.
“You have
heard, prince, this story of the cotton-grower, now hear the story of the men
who cut down the palm-trees.”
Story
of the Foolish Villagers who cut down the palm-trees.
Some
foolish villagers were summoned by the king’s officers, and set to work to
gather some dates in accordance with an order from the king’s court. They,
perceiving that it was very easy to gather the dates of one date-palm that had
tumbled down of itself, cut down all the date-palms in their village. And after
they had laid them low, they gathered from them their whole crop of dates, and
then they raised them up and planted them again, but they did not succeed in
making them grow. And then, when they brought the dates, they were not
rewarded, but on the contrary punished with a fine by the king, who had heard
of the cutting down of the trees.
“I have
told you this joke about the dates, now I am going to tell you about the
looking for treasure.”
Story
of the Treasure-finder who was blinded.
A certain
king took to himself a treasure-finder. And the wicked minister of that king
had both the eyes of the man, who was able to find the places where treasure
was deposited, torn out, in order that he might not run away anywhere. The
consequence was that, being blind, he was incapacitated from seeing the
indications of treasure in the earth, whether he ran away or remained; and
people, seeing that, laughed at the silly minister.
“You have
heard of the searching for treasure, now hear about the eating of salt.”
Story
of the Fool and the Salt.
There was
once on a time an impenetrably stupid man living in a village. He was once
taken home by a friend who lived in the city, and was regaled on curry and
other food, made savoury by salt. And that blockhead asked, “What makes this
food so savoury?” His friend told him that its relish was principally due to
salt. He came to the conclusion that salt was the proper thing to eat, so he
took a handful of crushed salt and threw it into his mouth, and ate it; the
powdered salt whitened the lips and beard of the foolish fellow, and so the
people laughed at him till his face became white also.
“You have
heard, prince, the story of the devourer of salt, now hear the story of the man
who had a milch-cow.”
Story
of the Fool and his Milch-cow.
There was
once on a time a certain foolish villager, and he had one cow. And that cow
gave him every day a hundred palas of milk. And once on a time it happened that
a feast was approaching. So he thought; “I will take all the cow’s milk at once
on the feast-day, and so get very much.” Accordingly the fool did not milk his
cow for a whole month. And when the feast came, and he did begin to milk it, he
found its milk had failed, but to the people this was an unfailing source of
amusement.
“You have
heard of the fool who had a milch-cow, now hear the story of these other two fools.”
Story
of the Foolish Bald Man and the Fool who pelted him.
There was a
certain bald man with a head like a copper pot. Once on a time a young man,
who, being hungry, had gathered wood-apples, as he was coming along his path,
saw him sitting at the foot of a tree. In fun he hit him on the head with a
wood-apple; the bald man took it patiently and said nothing to him. Then he hit
his head with all the rest of the wood-apples that he had, throwing them at him
one after another, and the bald man remained silent, even though the blood
flowed. So the foolish young fellow had to go home hungry without his
wood-apples, which he had broken to pieces in his useless and childish pastime
of pelting the bald man; and the foolish bald man went home with his head streaming
with blood, saying to himself; “Why should I not submit to being pelted with
such delicious wood-apples?” And everybody there laughed, when they saw him
with his head covered with blood, looking like the diadem with which he had
been crowned king of fools.
“Thus you
see, prince, that foolish persons become the objects of ridicule in the world,
and do not succeed in their objects; but wise persons are honoured.”
When
Naraváhanadatta had heard from Gomukha these elegant and amusing anecdotes, he
rose up and performed his day’s duties. And when night came on, the prince was
anxious to hear some more stories, and at his request, Gomukha told this story
about wise creatures.
Story
of the Crow and the King of the Pigeons, the Tortoise and the Deer.
There was
in a certain forest region a great Śalmali tree; and in it there lived a crow,
named Laghupátin, who had made his dwelling there. One day, as he was in his
nest, he saw below the tree a terrible-looking man arrive with a stick, net in
hand. And while the crow looked down from the tree, he saw that the man spread
out the net on the ground, and strewed there some rice, and then hid himself.
In the
meanwhile the king of the pigeons, named Chitragríva, as he was roaming through
the air, attended by hundreds of pigeons, came there, and seeing the grains of
rice scattered on the ground, he alighted on the net out of desire for food,
and got caught in the meshes with all his attendants. When Chitragríva saw
that, he said to all his followers; “Take the net in your beaks, and fly up
into the air as fast as you can.” All the terrified pigeons said,—“So be
it”—and taking the net, they flew up swiftly, and began to travel through the
air. The fowler too rose up, and with eye fixed upwards, returned despondent.
Then Chitragríva, being relieved from his fear, said to his followers; “Let us
quickly go to my friend the mouse Hiraṇya, he will gnaw these meshes asunder
and set us at liberty.” With these words he went on with those pigeons, who
were dragging the net along with them, and descended from the air at the
entrance of a mouse’s hole. And there the king of the pigeons called the mouse,
saying,—“Hiraṇya, come out, I, Chitragríva, have arrived.” And when the mouse
heard through the entrance, and saw that his friend had come, he came out from
that hole with a hundred openings. The mouse went up to him, and when he had
heard what had taken place, proceeded with the utmost eagerness to gnaw asunder
the meshes, that kept the pigeon-king and his retinue prisoners. And when he
had gnawed the meshes asunder, Chitragríva took leave of him with kind words,
and flew up into the air with his companions.
And when
the crow, who had followed the pigeons, saw that, he came to the entrance of
the hole, and said to the mouse who had re-entered it; “I am Laghupátin, a
crow; seeing that you tender your friends dearly, I choose you for my friend,
as you are a creature capable of delivering from such calamities.” When the
mouse saw that crow from the inside of his hole, he said, “Depart! what
friendship can there be between the eater and his prey?” Then the crow
said,—“God forbid! If I were to eat you, my hunger might be satisfied for a
moment, but if I make you my friend, my life will be always preserved by you.”
When the crow had said this, and more, and had taken an oath, and so inspired
confidence in the mouse, the mouse came out, and the crow made friends with
him. The mouse brought out pieces of flesh and grains of rice, and there they
both remained eating together in great happiness.
And one day
the crow said to his friend the mouse: “At a considerable distance from this
place there is a river in the middle of a forest, and in it there lives a
tortoise named Mantharaka, who is a friend of mine; for his sake I will go to
that place where flesh and other food is easily obtained; it is difficult for
me to obtain sustenance here, and I am in continual dread of the fowler.” When
the crow said this to him, the mouse answered,—“Then we will live together,
take me there also; for I too have an annoyance here, and when we get there, I
will explain the whole matter to you.” When Hiraṇya said this, Laghupátin took
him in his beak, and flew to the bank of that forest stream. And there he found
his friend, the tortoise Mantharaka, who welcomed him, and he and the mouse sat
with him. And after they had conversed a little, that crow told the tortoise
the cause of his coming, together with the circumstance of his having made
friends with Hiraṇya. Then the tortoise adopted the mouse, as his friend on an
equal footing with the crow, and asked the cause of the annoyance which drove
him from his native place. Then Hiraṇya gave this account of his experiences in
the hearing of the crow and the tortoise.
Story
of the Mouse and the Hermit.
I lived in
a great hole near the city, and one night I stole a necklace from the palace,
and laid it up in my hole. And by looking at that necklace I acquired strength,
and a number of mice attached themselves to me, as being able to steal food for
them. In the meanwhile a hermit had made a cell near my hole, and he lived on a
large stock of food, which he obtained by begging. Every evening he used to put
the food, which remained over after he had eaten, in his beggar’s porringer on
an inaccessible peg, meaning to eat it the next day. And, every night, when he
was asleep, I entered by a hole, and jumping up, carried it off.
Once on a
time, another hermit, a friend of his, came there, and after eating, conversed
with him during the night. And I was at that time attempting to carry off the
food, so the first hermit, who was listening, made the pot resound frequently
by striking it with a piece of split cane. And the hermit, who was his guest,
said, “Why do you interrupt our conversation to do this?” Whereupon the hermit
to whom the cell belonged, answered him, “I have got an enemy here in the form
of this mouse, who is always jumping up and carrying off this food of mine,
though it is high up. I am trying to frighten him by moving the pot of food
with a piece of cane.” When he said this, the other hermit said to him, “In
truth this covetousness is the bane of creatures, hear a story illustrative of
this.”
Story
of the Bráhman’s wife and the sesame-seeds.
Once on a
time, as I was wandering from one sacred bathing-place to another, I reached a
town, and there I entered the house of a certain Bráhman to stay. And while I
was there, the Bráhman said to his wife, “Cook to-day, as it is the change of
the moon, a dish composed of milk, sesame, and rice, for the Bráhmans.” She answered
him, “How can a pauper, like you, afford this?” Then the Bráhman said to her,
“My dear, though we should hoard, we should not direct our thoughts to
excessive hoarding—hear this tale.”
Story
of the greedy Jackal.
In a
certain forest a hunter, after he had been hunting, fixed an arrow in a
self-acting bow, and after placing flesh on it, pursued a wild boar. He pierced
the wild boar with a dart, but was mortally wounded by his tusks, and died; and
a jackal beheld all this from a distance. So he came, but though he was hungry,
he would not eat any of the abundant flesh of the hunter and the boar, wishing
to hoard it up. But he went first to eat what had been placed on the bow, and
that moment the arrow fixed in it flew up, and pierced him so that he died.
“So you
must not indulge in excessive hoarding.” When the Bráhman said this, his wife
consented, and placed some sesame-seeds in the sun. And while she went into the
house, a dog tasted them and defiled them, so nobody would buy that dish of
sesame-seeds and rice.
“So, you
see, covetousness does not give pleasure, it only causes annoyance to those who
cherish it.” When the hermit, who was a visitor, had said this, he went on to
say; “If you have a spade, give it me, in order that I may take steps to put a
stop to this annoyance caused by the mouse.” Thereupon the hermit, to whom the
cell belonged, gave the visitor a spade, and I, who saw it all from my place of
concealment, entered my hole. Then the cunning hermit, who had come to visit
the other, discovering the hole by which I entered, began to dig. And while I
retired further and further in, he went on digging, until at last he reached
the necklace and the rest of my stores. And he said to the hermit, who resided
there, in my hearing, “It was by the power of this necklace that the mouse had
such strength.” So they took away all my wealth and placed the necklace on
their necks, and then the master of the cell and the visitor went to sleep with
light hearts. But when they were asleep, I came again to steal, and the
resident hermit woke up and hit me with a stick on the head. That wounded me,
but, as it chanced, did not kill me, and I returned to my hole. But after that,
I had never strength to make the bound necessary for stealing the food. For
wealth is youth to creatures, and the want of it produces old age; owing to the
want of it, spirit, might, beauty, and enterprise fail. So all my retinue of
mice, seeing that I had become intent on feeding myself only, left me. Servants
leave a master who does not support them, bees a tree without flowers, swans a
tank without water, in spite of long association.
“So I have
been long in a state of despondency, but now, having obtained this Laghupátin
for a friend, I have come here to visit you, noble tortoise.” When Hiraṇya had
said this, the tortoise Manthara answered—“This is a home to you; so do not be
despondent, my friend. To a virtuous man no country is foreign; a man who is
content cannot be unhappy; for the man of endurance calamity does not exist;
there is nothing impossible to the enterprising.” While the tortoise was saying
this, a deer, named Chitránga, came to that wood from a great distance, having
been terrified by the hunters. When they saw him, and observed that no hunter
was pursuing him, the tortoise and his companions made friends with him, and he
recovered his strength and spirits. And those four, the crow, the tortoise, the
mouse, and the deer, long lived there happily as friends, engaged in reciprocal
courtesies.
One day
Chitránga was behind time, and Laghupátin flew to the top of a tree to look for
him, and surveyed the whole wood. And he saw Chitránga on the bank of the
river, entangled in the fatal noose, and then he came down and told this to the
mouse and the tortoise. Then they deliberated together, and Laghupátin took up
the mouse in his beak, and carried him to Chitránga. And the mouse Hiraṇya
comforted the deer, who was distressed at being caught, and in a moment set him
at liberty by gnawing his bonds asunder. In the meanwhile the tortoise
Manthara, who was devoted to his friends, came up the bank near them, having
travelled along the bed of the river. At that very moment the hunter, who had
set the noose, arrived from somewhere or other, and when the deer and the
others escaped, caught and made prize of the tortoise. And he put it in a net,
and went off, grieved at having lost the deer. In the meanwhile the friends saw
what had taken place, and by the advice of the far-seeing mouse, the deer went
a considerable distance off, and fell down as if he were dead. And the crow
stood upon his head, and pretended to peck his eyes. When the hunter saw that,
he imagined that he had captured the deer, as it was dead, and he began to make
for it, after putting down the tortoise on the bank of the river. When the
mouse saw him making towards the deer, he came up, and gnawed a hole in the net
which held the tortoise, so the tortoise was set at liberty, and he plunged
into the river. And when the deer saw the hunter coming near, without the
tortoise, he got up, and ran off, and the crow, for his part, flew up a tree.
Then the hunter came back, and finding that the tortoise had escaped by the
net’s having been gnawed asunder, he returned home, lamenting that the tortoise
had fled and could not be recovered.
Then the
four friends came together again in high spirits, and the gratified deer
addressed the three others as follows; “I am fortunate in having obtained you
for friends, for you have to-day delivered me from death at the risk of your
lives.” In such words the deer praised the crow and the tortoise and the mouse,
and they all lived together delighting in their mutual friendship.
Thus, you
see, even animals attain their ends by wisdom, and they risk their lives sooner
than abandon their friends in calamity. So full of love is the attachment that
subsists among friends; but attachment to women is not approved because it is
open to jealousy; hear a story in proof of this.
Story
of the wife who falsely accused her husband of murdering a Bhilla.
There lived
once on a time in a certain town a jealous husband, who had for wife a
beautiful woman, whom he loved exceedingly. But being suspicious he never left
her alone, for he feared that she might be seduced even by men in pictures.
However, one day he had to go to another country on unavoidable business, and
he took his wife with him. And seeing that a forest inhabited by Bhillas lay in
his way, he left his wife in the house of an old Bráhman villager, and
proceeded on his journey. But, while she was there, she saw some Bhillas, who
had come that way, and she eloped with a young Bhilla whom she saw. And she
went with him to his village, following her inclinations, having escaped from
her jealous husband, as a river that has broken a dam.
In the
meanwhile her husband finished his business, and returned, and asked the
Bráhman villager for his wife, and the Bráhman answered him, “I do not know
where she has gone; so much only I know, that some Bhillas came here: she must
have been carried off by them. And their village is near here, go there
quickly, you will find your wife there, without doubt.” When the Bráhman told
him this, he wept, and blamed his own folly, and went to that village of
Bhillas, and there he saw his wife. When the wicked woman saw him, she approached
him in fear and said, “It is not my fault, the Bhilla brought me here by
force.” Her husband, blind with love, said, “Come along, let us return home,
before any one discovers us.” But she said to him, “Now is the time when the
Bhilla returns from hunting; when he returns he will certainly pursue you and
me, and kill us both. So enter this cavern at present, and remain concealed.
But at night we will kill him when he is asleep, and leave this place in
perfect safety.” When the wicked woman said this to him, he entered the cave;
what room is there for discernment in the heart of one blinded with love?
The Bhilla
returned at the close of the day, and that wicked woman shewed him her husband
in the cave, whom his passion had enabled her to decoy there. And the Bhilla,
who was a strong man, and cruel, dragged out the husband, and tied him firmly
to a tree, in order that he might next day offer him to Bhavání.
And he ate
his dinner, and at night lay down to sleep by the side of the faithless wife,
before the eyes of the husband. Then that jealous husband, who was tied to the
tree, seeing him asleep, implored Bhavání to help him in his need, praising her
with hymns. She appeared and granted him a boon, so that he escaped from his
bonds, and cut off the head of the Bhilla with his own sword. Then he woke up
his wife, and said to her: “Come, I have killed this villain,” and she rose up
much grieved. And the faithless woman set out at night with her husband, but
she secretly took with her the head of the Bhilla. And the next morning, when
they reached a town, she shewed the head, and laying hands upon her husband,
cried out, “This man has killed my husband.” Then the city police took her with
her husband before the king. And the jealous husband, being questioned, told
the whole story. Then the king enquired into it, and finding that it was true,
he ordered the ears and nose of that faithless wife to be cut off, and set her
husband at liberty. And he went home freed from the demon of love for a wicked
woman.
“This, prince,
is how a woman behaves when over-jealously watched, for the jealousy of the
husband teaches the wife to run after other men. So a wise man should guard his
wife without shewing jealousy. And a man must by no means reveal a secret to a
woman, if he desires prosperity. Hear a story shewing this.”
Story
of the snake who told his secret to a woman.
A certain
snake, out of fear of Garuḍa, fled to earth, and taking the form of a man,
concealed himself in the house of a hetæra. And that hetæra used to take as
payment five hundred elephants; and the snake by his power gave her five
hundred every day. And the lady importuned him to tell her how he acquired so
many elephants every day, and who he was. And he, blinded with love, replied—“I
am a snake hiding here from fear of Garuḍa, do not tell anyone.” But the hetæra
privately told all this to the kuṭṭiní.
Now Garuḍa,
searching through the world for the snake, came there in the form of a man, and
he came to the kuṭṭiní and said; “I wish to remain to-day in your daughter’s
house, take my payment.” And the kuṭṭiní said to him, “There is a snake living
here, who gives us five hundred elephants every day. What do we care about one
day’s pay?” Then Garuḍa, finding out that the snake was living there, entered
as a guest that hetæra’s house. And there he saw the snake on the flat roof,
and revealing himself in his real form, he swooped down, and killed him, and
ate him.
“So a wise
man should not recklessly tell secrets to women.” Having said this, Gomukha
told him another story of a simpleton.
Story
of the bald man and the hair-restorer.
There was a
bald man, with a head like a copper pot. And he, being a fool, was ashamed
because, though a rich man in the world, he had no hair on his head. Then a
rogue, who lived upon others, came to him and said, “There is a physician who
knows a drug that will produce hair.” When he heard it, he said;—“If you bring
him to me, I will give wealth to you and to that physician also.” When he said
this, the rogue for a long time devoured his substance, and brought to that
simpleton a doctor who was a rogue also. And after the doctor too had long
lived at his expense, he one day removed his head-dress designedly, and shewed
him his bald head. In spite of that, the blockhead, without considering, asked
him for a drug which would produce hair, then the physician said to him,—“Since
I am bald myself, how can I produce hair in others? It was in order to explain
this to you, that I showed you my bald head. But out on you! you do not
understand even now.” With these words the physician went away.
“So you
see, prince, rogues perpetually make sport of fools. You have heard the story
of the simpleton and his hair, now hear that of the simpleton and the oil.”
Story
of a foolish servant.
A certain
gentleman had a simpleton for a servant. His master sent him once to fetch oil
from a merchant, and he received from him the oil in a vessel. And as he was
returning, with the vessel in his hand, a friend of his said to him,—“Take care
of this oil-vessel, it leaks at the bottom.” When the blockhead heard this, he
turned the vessel upside down to look at the bottom of it, and that made all
the oil fall on the ground. When his master heard that, he turned out of his
house that fool, who was the laughing-stock of the place.
“So it is
better for a simpleton to rely upon his own sense, and not to take advice. You
have heard about the simpleton and the oil, now hear the story of the simpleton
and the bones.”
Story
of the faithless wife who was present at her own Śráddha.
There was
once a foolish man, and he had an unchaste wife. Once on a time, when her
husband had gone away for some business to another country, she placed in
charge of the house a confidential servant of hers, a truly unique maid, after
giving her instructions as to what she was to do, and went away alone to the
house of her paramour, intent on enjoying herself without being interfered
with. When the lady’s husband returned, the maid, who had been well schooled
beforehand, said with a voice choked with tears: “Your wife is dead and burnt.”
She then took him to the burning-ghaut, and shewed him the bones belonging to
the pyre of some other person; the fool brought them home with tears, and after
bathing at the sacred bathing-places, and strewing her bones there, he
proceeded to perform her śráddha. And he made his wife’s paramour the
officiating Bráhman at the ceremony, as the maid brought him, saying that he
was an excellent Bráhman. And every month his wife came with that Bráhman,
splendidly dressed, and ate the sweetmeats. And then the maid said to him,
“See, master, by virtue of her chastity your wife is enabled to return from the
other world, and eat with the Bráhman.” And the matchless fool believed most
implicitly what she said.
“In this
way people of simple dispositions are easily imposed upon by wicked women. You
have heard about the simpleton and the bones; now hear the story of the Chaṇḍála
maiden.”
Story
of the ambitious Chaṇḍála maiden.
There was
once a simple but good-looking Chaṇḍála maiden. And she formed in her heart the
determination to win for her bridegroom a universal monarch. Once on a time,
she saw the supreme sovereign go out to make a progress round his city, and she
proceeded to follow him, with the intention of making him her husband. At that
moment a hermit came that way; and the king, though mounted on an elephant,
bowed at his feet, and returned to his own palace. When she saw that, she
thought that the hermit was a greater man even than the king, and abandoning
him, she proceeded to follow the hermit. The hermit, as he was going along,
beheld in front of him an empty temple of Śiva, and kneeling on the ground, he
worshipped Śiva, and then departed. Then the Chaṇḍála maiden thought that Śiva
was greater even than the hermit, and she left the hermit, and attached herself
to the god, with the intention of marrying him. Immediately a dog entered, and
going up on to the pedestal of the idol, lifted up his leg, and behaved after
the manner of the dog tribe. Then the Chaṇḍála maiden thought that the dog was
superior even to Śiva, and leaving the god, followed the departing dog,
desiring to marry him. And the dog entered the house of a Chaṇḍála, and out of
affection rolled at the feet of a young Chaṇḍála whom it knew. When she saw
that, she concluded that the young Chaṇḍála was superior to the dog, and
satisfied with her own caste, she chose him as her husband.
“So fools,
after aspiring high, fall into their proper place. And now hear in a few words
the tale of the foolish king.”
Story
of the miserly king.
There was a
certain foolish king, who was niggardly, though he possessed an abundant
treasure, and once on a time his ministers, who desired his prosperity, said to
him: “King, charity here averts misery in the next life. So bestow wealth in
charity; life and riches are perishable.” When the king heard this, he said,
“Then I will bestow wealth, when I am dead, and see myself reduced to a state
of misery here.” Then the ministers remained silent, laughing in their sleeves.
“So, you
see, a fool never takes leave of his wealth, until his wealth takes leave of
him. You have heard, prince, of the foolish king, now hear the story of the two
friends, by way of an episode in these tales of fools.”
Story
of Dhavalamukha, his trading friend, and his fighting friend.
There was a
king in Kányakubja, named Chandrapíḍa. And he had a servant named Dhavalamukha.
And he, whenever he came to his house, had eaten and drunk abroad. And one day
his wife asked him,—“Where do you always eat and drink before you come home?”
And Dhavalamukha answered her, “I always eat and drink with my friends before I
come home, for I have two friends in the world. The one is called Kalyáṇavarman,
who obliges me with food and other gifts, and the other is Vírabáhu, who would
oblige me with the gift of his life.” When his wife heard this, she said to
Dhavalamukha, “Then shew me your two friends.”
Then he
went with her to the house of Kalyáṇavarman, and Kalyáṇavarman honoured him
with a splendid entertainment. The next day he went with his wife to Vírabáhu,
and he was gambling at the time, so he welcomed him and dismissed him. Then
Dhavalamukha’s wife, being full of curiosity, said to him: “Kalyáṇavarman
entertained you splendidly, but Vírabáhu only gave you a welcome. So why do you
think more highly of Vírabáhu than of the other?” When he heard that, he said,
“Go and tell them both in succession this fabrication, that the king has
suddenly become displeased with us, and you will find out for yourself.” She
agreed, and went to Kalyáṇavarman and told him that falsehood, and he answered:
“Lady, I am a merchant’s son, what can I do against the king?” When he gave her
this answer, she went to Vírabáhu, and told him also that the king was angry
with her husband; and the moment he heard it, he came running with his shield
and his sword. But Dhavalamukha induced him to return home, saying that the
king’s ministers had pacified his resentment. And he said to his wife: “This,
my dear, is the difference between those two friends of mine.” And she was
quite satisfied.
“So you see
that a friend, that shews his friendship by ceremonious entertainment only, is
a different thing from a real friend; though oil and ghee both possess the
property of oiliness, oil is oil, and ghee is ghee.” When Gomukha had told this
story, he continued his tales of fools for the benefit of Naraváhanadatta.
Story
of the thirsty fool that did not drink.
A certain
foolish traveller, tormented by thirst, having with difficulty got through a
wood, reached a river; however, he did not drink of it, but kept looking at the
water. Some one said to him: “Why do you not drink water, though you are
thirsty?” But the blockhead answered, “How could I drink so much water as
this?” The other person ridiculed him, saying, “What! will the king punish you,
if you drink it all up?” But still the foolish man did not drink the water.
“So you see
that in this world fools will not even do a part of a task to the best of their
power, if they are not able to complete it altogether. Now you have heard about
the fool and the water, hear the story of the son-slayer.”
Story
of the fool who killed his son.
There was
once a foolish man, who was poor and had many sons. When one of his sons died,
he killed another, saying, How could this child go such a long journey alone?
So he was banished by the people, as being a fool and a criminal.
“Thus a
fool is as void of sense and discernment as an animal. You have heard of the
son-killer, now hear the story of the fool and his brother.”
Story
of the fool and his brother.
A certain
stupid fellow was talking in a crowd of men. Seeing a respectable man some way
off, he said: “That man there is brother to me, so I shall inherit his
property, but I am no relation to him, so I am not liable for his debts.” When
the fool said this, even the stones laughed at him.
Thus fools
shew folly, and people blinded by the thought of their own advantage behave in
a very wonderful way. So you have heard the story of the fool and his brother,
now hear the story of the man whose father followed a strict vow of chastity.”
Story of
the Brahmachárin’s son.
A certain
fool was engaged in relating his father’s good qualities in the midst of his
friends. And describing his father’s superior excellence, he said: “My father
has followed a strict vow of chastity from his youth, there is no man who can
be compared with him.” When his friends heard that, they said, “How did you
come into the world?” He answered “Oh! I am a mind-born son of his;” whereupon
the matchless fool was well laughed at by the people.
“Thus
foolish people make self-contradictory statements with regard to others. You
have heard the story of the son of the man who observed a strict vow of
chastity. Hear now the story of the astrologer.”
Story
of the astrologer who killed his son.
There was a
certain astrologer wanting in discernment. He left his own country with his
wife and son, because he could not earn a subsistence, and went to another
country. There he made a deceitful display of his skill, in order to gain
complimentary presents by a factitious reputation for ability. He embraced his
son before the public and shed tears. When the people asked him why he did
this, the wicked man said: “I know the past, the present, and the future, and
that enables me to foresee that this child of mine will die in seven days from
this time: this is why I am weeping.” By these words he excited the wonder of
the people, and when the seventh day arrived, he killed his son in the morning,
as he lay asleep. When the people saw that his son was dead, they felt
confidence in his skill, and honoured him with presents, and so he acquired
wealth and returned leisurely to his own country.
“Thus
foolish men, through desire of wealth, go so far as to kill their sons, in
order to make a false display of prescience; the wise should not make friends
with such. Now hear the story of the foolish man who was addicted to anger.”
Story
of the violent man who justified his character.
One day a
man was relating to his friends, inside a house, the good qualities of a man, who
was listening outside. Then a person present said: “It is true, my friend, that
he possesses many good qualities, but he has two faults; he is violent and
irascible.” While he was saying this, the man, who was outside, overhearing
him, entered hastily, and twisted his garment round his throat, and said: “You
fool, what violence have I done, what anger have I been guilty of?” This he
said in an abusive way, inflamed with the fire of anger. Then the others who
were there laughed, and said to him, “Why should he speak? You have been good
enough to give us ocular demonstration of your anger and your violence.”
“So you see
that fools do not know their own faults, though they are patent to all men. Now
hear about the foolish king who made his daughter grow.”
Story
of the foolish king who made his daughter grow.
A certain
king had a handsome daughter born to him. On account of his great affection for
her, he wished to make her grow, so he quickly summoned physicians, and said
politely to them: “Make some preparation of salutary drugs, in order that my
daughter may grow up quickly, and be married to a good husband.” When the
physicians heard this, they said, in order to get a living out of the silly
king: “There is a medicine which will do this, but it can only be procured in a
distant country, and while we are sending for it, we must shut up your daughter
in concealment, for this is the treatment laid down for such cases.” When they
had said this, they placed his daughter in concealment there for many years, saying
that they were engaged in bringing that medicine. And when she grew up to be a
young woman, they shewed her to that king, telling him that she had been made
to grow by the medicine; and he was pleased, and loaded them with heaps of
wealth.
“In this way
rogues by means of imposture live on foolish sovereigns. Now hear the story of
a man who shewed his cleverness by recovering half a paṇa.”
Story
of the man who recovered half a paṇa from his servant.
There was
once on a time a man living in a town, who was vain of his wisdom. And a
certain villager, who had served him for a year, being dissatisfied with his
salary, left him and went home. And when he had gone, the town-bred gentleman
said to his wife,—“My dear, I hope you did not give him anything before he
went?” She answered, “Half a paṇa.” Then he spent ten paṇas in provisions for
the journey, and overtook that servant on the bank of a river, and recovered
from him that half paṇa. And when he related it as a proof of his skill in
saving money, he became a public laughing-stock.
“Thus men,
whose minds are blinded with wealth, fling away much to gain little. Now hear
the story of the man who took notes of the spot.”
Story
of the fool who took notes of a certain spot in the sea.
A certain
foolish person, while travelling by sea, let a silver vessel fall from his hand
into the water. The fool took notes of the spot, observing the eddies and other
signs in the water, and said to himself: “I will bring it up from the bottom,
when I return.” He reached the other side of the sea, and as he was
re-crossing, he saw the eddies and other signs, and thinking he recognized the
spot, he plunged into the water again and again to recover his silver vessel.
When the others asked him what his object was, he told them, and got well
laughed at and abused for his pains.
“Now hear
the story of the king who wished to substitute other flesh for what he had
taken away.”
Story
of the king who replaced the flesh.
A foolish
king saw from his palace two men below. And seeing that one of them had taken
flesh from the kitchen, he had five palas of flesh cut from his body. When the
flesh had been cut away, the man groaned and fell on the earth, and the king,
seeing him, was moved with compassion, and said to the warder: “His grief cannot
be assuaged because five palas of flesh were cut from him, so give him more
than five palas of flesh by way of compensation.” The warder said: “When a
man’s head is cut off, does he live even if you give him a hundred heads?” Then
he went outside and had his laugh out, and comforted the man from whom the
flesh had been cut, and handed him over to the physicians.
“So you
see, a silly king knows how to punish, but not how to shew favour. Hear this
story of the silly woman who wanted another son.”
Story
of the woman who wanted another son.
One day a
woman with only one son, desiring another, applied to a wicked female ascetic
belonging to a heretical sect. The ascetic told her that, if she killed her
young son and offered him to the divinity, another son would certainly be born
to her. When she was preparing to carry out this advice, another and a good old
woman said to her in private: “Wicked woman, you are going to kill the son you
have already, and wish to get another. Supposing a second is not born to you,
what will you do?” So that good old woman dissuaded her from crime.
“So women,
who associate with witches, fall into evil courses, but they are restrained and
saved by the advice of the old. Now, prince, hear the story of the man who
brought the ámalaka fruit.”
Story
of the servant who tasted the fruit.
A certain
householder had a stupid servant. As the householder was fond of ámalakas, he
said to his servant, “Go, and bring me some perfectly sweet ámalakas from the
garden.” The foolish fellow bit every one, to taste if it was sweet, and then
brought them, and said; “Look, master, I tasted these and found them sweet,
before bringing them.” And his master, seeing that they were half eaten, sent
them away in disgust and his stupid servant too.
“Thus a
foolish person ruins his master’s interests and then his own, and here by way
of episode hear the story of the two brothers.”
Story
of the two brothers Yajnasoma and Kírtisoma.
There were
two Bráhmans, brothers, in the city of Páṭaliputra; the elder was called
Yajnasoma and the younger Kírtisoma. And those two young Bráhmans had much
wealth derived from their father. Kírtisoma increased his share by business,
but Yajnasoma exhausted his by enjoying and giving. Then, being reduced to
poverty, he said to his wife; “My dear, how can I, who am reduced from riches
to poverty, live among my relations? Let us go to some foreign country.” She
said,—“How can we go without money for the journey.” Still her husband
insisted, so she said to him: “If you really must go, then first go and ask
your younger brother Kírtisoma for some money for the journey.” So he went and
asked his younger brother for his travelling expenses, but his younger
brother’s wife said to him: “How can we give even the smallest sum to this man
who has wasted his substance. For every one who falls into poverty will sponge
on us.” When Kírtisoma heard this, he no longer felt inclined to give anything
to his elder brother, though he loved him. Subjection to bad women is
pernicious!
Then
Yajnasoma went away silent, and told that to his wife, and set out with her,
relying upon the help of Heaven only. When they reached the wood, it happened
that, as he was going along, he was swallowed by a monstrous serpent. And when
his wife saw it, she fell on the ground and lamented. And the serpent said with
a human voice to the lady: “Why do you lament, my good woman?” The Bráhman lady
answered the snake: “How can I help lamenting, mighty sir, when you have
deprived me in this remote spot of my only means of obtaining alms?” When the
serpent heard that, he brought out of his mouth a great vessel of gold and gave
it her, saying, “Take this as a vessel in which to receive alms.” The good
Bráhman lady said, “Who will give me alms in this vessel, for I am a woman?” The
serpent said: “If any one refuses to give you alms in it, his head shall that
moment burst into a hundred pieces. What I say is true.” When the virtuous
Bráhman lady heard that, she said to the serpent, “If this is so, then give me
my husband in it by way of alms.” The moment the good lady said this, the
serpent brought her husband out of his mouth alive and unharmed. As soon as the
serpent had done this, he became a man of heavenly appearance, and being
pleased, he said to the joyful couple: “I am a king of the Vidyádharas, named
Kánchanavega, and by the curse of Gautama I was reduced to the condition of a
serpent. And it was appointed that my curse should end when I conversed with a
good woman.” When the king of the Vidyádharas had said this, he immediately
filled the vessel with jewels, and delighted flew up into the sky. And the
couple returned home with abundance of jewels. And there Yajnasoma lived in
happiness having obtained inexhaustible wealth.
“Providence
gives to everyone in accordance with his or her character. Hear the story of
the foolish man who asked for the barber.”
Story
of the fool who wanted a barber.
A certain
inhabitant of Karṇáṭa pleased his king by his daring behaviour in battle. His
sovereign was pleased, and promised to give him whatever he asked for, but the
spiritless warrior chose the king’s barber.
“Every man
chooses what is good or bad according to the measure of his own intellect: now
hear the story of the foolish man who asked for nothing at all.”
Story
of the man who asked for nothing at all.
A certain
foolish man, as he was going along the road, was asked by a carter to do
something to make his cart balance evenly. He said, “If I make it right, what
will you give me?” The carter answered; “I will give you nothing at all.” Then
the fool put the cart even, and said, “Give me the nothing-at-all you
promised.” But the carter laughed at him. “So you see, king, fools are forever
becoming the object of the scorn and contempt and reproach of men, and fall
into misfortune, while the good on the other hand are thought worthy of
honour.”
When the
prince surrounded by his ministers, had heard at night these amusing stories
from Gomukha, he was enabled to enjoy sleep, which refreshes the whole of the
three worlds.
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