Chapter XCIV
(Vetála)
Then king
Trivikramasena went and took down that Vetála from the aśoka-tree, and putting
him on his shoulder, started off with him again. And when he had set out in
silence, the Vetála spake to him from his shoulder; “King, what is the meaning
of this persistency of yours? Go, enjoy the good of the night; it is not
fitting that you should carry me to that wicked mendicant. However, if you are
obstinately bent on it, so be it; but listen to this one story.”
Story
of the Bráhman boy, who offered himself up to save the life of the king.
There is a
city called Chitrakúṭa, rightly so named, where the established divisions of
the castes never step across the strict line of demarcation. In it there lived
a king, named Chandrávaloka, the crest-jewel of kings, who rained showers of
nectar into the eyes of those devoted to him. Wise men praised him as the
binding-post of the elephant of valour, the fountain-head of generosity, and
the pleasure-pavilion of beauty. There was one supreme sorrow in the heart of
that young prince, that, though he enjoyed all kinds of prosperity, he could
not obtain a suitable wife.
Now, one
day, the king, accompanied by mounted attendants, went out to a great forest to
hunt, in order to dispel that sorrow. There he cleft with continual shafts the
herds of wild swine, as the sun, shining in the dun sky, disperses the darkness
with his rays. Surpassing Arjuna in strength, he made the lions, impetuous in
fight, and terrible with their yellow manes, repose upon beds of arrows. Like
Indra in might, he stripped of their wings the mountain-like Śarabhas, and laid
them low with the blows of his darts hard as the thunder-bolt. In the ardour of
the chase he felt a longing to penetrate into the centre of the wood alone, so
he urged on his horse with a smart blow of his heel. The horse, being
exceedingly excited by that blow of his heel, and by a stroke of the whip,
cared neither for rough nor smooth, but darting on with a speed exceeding that
of the wind, in a moment traversed ten yojanas, and carried the king, the
functions of whose senses were quite paralysed, to another forest.
There the
horse stopped, and the king, having lost his bearings, roamed about wearied,
until he saw near him a broad lake, which seemed to make signs to him to approach
with its lotuses, that, bent down towards him and then raised again by the
wind, seemed like beckoning hands. So he went up to it, and relieved his horse
by taking off its saddle and letting it roll, and bathed and watered it, and
then tied it up in the shade of a tree, and gave it a heap of grass. Then he
bathed himself, and drank water, and so dispelled his fatigue, and then he let
his eye wander hither and thither in the delightful environs of the lake. And
in one part he saw, at the foot of an aśoka-tree, a wonderfully beautiful
hermit’s daughter, accompanied by her friend. She wore garlands of flowers, and
a dress of bark, which became her well. And she looked exceedingly charming on
account of the elegant way in which her hair was plaited together after the
hermit fashion. And the king, who had now fallen within the range of the arrows
of love, said to himself; “Who can this be? Can it be Sávitrí come to bathe in
the lake? Or can it be Gaurí, who has slipped away from the arms of Śiva, and
again betaken herself to asceticism? Or can it be the beauty of the moon that
has taken upon herself a vow, as the moon has set, now that it is day? So I had
better approach her quietly and find out.” Having thus reflected, the king
approached that maiden.
But when
she saw him coming, her eyes were bewildered by his beauty, and her hand
relaxed its grasp on the garland of flowers, which she had before begun to
weave, and she said to herself; “Who is this that has found his way into such a
wood as this? Is he a Siddha or a Vidyádhara? In truth his beauty might satisfy
the eyes of the whole world.” When these thoughts had passed through her mind,
she rose up, and modestly looking askance at him she proceeded to go away,
though her legs seemed to want all power of movement.
Then the
polite and dexterous monarch approached her and said, “Fair one, I do not ask
you to welcome and entertain a person seen for the first time, who has come
from a distance, and desires no fruit other than that of beholding you; but how
is your running away from him to be reconciled with the obligations of hermit
life?” When the king said this, the lady’s attendant, who was equally
dexterous, sat down there, and entertained the king.
Then the
eager king said to her with an affectionate manner, “Worthy lady, what
auspicious family is adorned by this friend of yours? What are the
ear-nectar-distilling syllables of her name? And why does she torture in this
wilderness, with the discipline appropriate to ascetics, her body, which is
soft as a flower?” When her friend heard this speech of the king’s, she
answered; “This is the maiden daughter of the great hermit Kanva, born to him
by Menaká; she has been brought up in the hermitage, and her name is
Indívaraprabhá. She has come here to bathe in this lake by permission of her
father, and her father’s hermitage is at no great distance from this place.”
When she
said this to the king, he was delighted, and he mounted his horse, and set out
for the hermitage of the hermit Kanva, with the intention of asking him for
that daughter of his. He left his horse outside the hermitage, and then he
entered with modest humility its enclosure, which was full of hermits with
matted hair, and coats of bark, thus resembling in appearance its trees. And in
the middle of it he saw the hermit Kanva surrounded with hermits, delighting
the eye with his brightness, like the moon surrounded with planets. So he went
up to him, and worshipped him, embracing his feet. The wise hermit entertained
him and dispelled his fatigue, and then lost no time in saying to him; “My son
Chandrávaloka, listen to the good advice which I am about to give you. You know
how all living creatures in the world fear death: so why do you slay without
cause these poor deer? The Disposer appointed the weapon of the warrior for the
protection of the terrified. So rule your subjects righteously, root up your
enemies, and secure fleeting fortune and her gifts by the warlike training of
horse, and elephant, and so on. Enjoy the delights of rule, give gifts, diffuse
your fame throughout the world, but abandon the vice of hunting, the cruel
sport of death. What is the profit of that mischievous hunting, in which
slayer, victim, and horse are all equally beside themselves? Have you have not
heard what happened to Páṇḍu?”
The
intelligent king, Chandrávaloka, heard and accepted cheerfully this advice of
the hermit Kanva, and then answered him, “Reverend Sir, I have been instructed
by you; you have done me a great favour; I renounce hunting, let living
creatures be henceforth free from alarm.” When the hermit heard that, he said,
“I am pleased with you for thus granting security to living creatures; so
choose whatever boon you desire.” When the hermit said this, the king, who knew
his time, said to him, “If you are satisfied with me, then give me your
daughter Indívaraprabhá.” When the king made this request, the hermit bestowed
on him his daughter, who had just returned from bathing, born from an Apsaras,
a wife meet for him. Then the wives of the hermits adorned her, and the
marriage was solemnized, and king Chandrávaloka mounted his horse and set out
thence quickly, taking with him his wife, whom the ascetics followed as far as
the limits of the hermitage with gushing tears. And as he went along, the sun,
seeing that the action of that day had been prolonged, sat down, as if wearied,
on the peak of the mountain of setting. And in course of time appeared the
gazelle-eyed nymph of night, overflowing with love, veiling her shape in a
violet robe of darkness.
Just at that
moment the king found on the road an aśvattha-tree, on the bank of a lake, the
water of which was as transparent as a good man’s heart. And seeing that that
spot was overshadowed with dense boughs and leaves, and was shady and grassy,
he made up his mind that he would pass the night there. Then he dismounted from
his horse, and gave it grass and water, and rested on the sandy bank of the
lake, and drank water, and cooled himself in the breeze; and then he lay down
with that hermit’s daughter, under that tree, on a bed of flowers. And at that
time the moon arose, and removing the mantle of darkness, seized and kissed the
glowing face of the East. And all the quarters of the heaven were free from
darkness, and gleamed, embraced and illuminated by the rays of the moon, so
that there was no room for pride. And so the beams of the moon entered the
interstices in the bower of creepers, and lit up the space round the foot of
the tree like jewel-lamps.
And the
next morning the king left his bed, and after the morning prayer, he made ready
to set out with his wife to rejoin his army. And then the moon, that had in the
night robbed the cheeks of the lotuses of their beauty, lost its brightness,
and slunk, as if in fear, to the hollows of the western mountain; for the sun,
fiery-red with anger, as if desirous to slay it, lifted his curved sword in his
outstretched fingers. At that moment there suddenly came there a Bráhman demon,
black as soot, with hair yellow as the lightning, looking like a thunder-cloud.
He had made himself a wreath of entrails; he wore a sacrificial cord of hair;
he was gnawing the flesh of a man’s head, and drinking blood out of a skull.
The monster, terrible with projecting tusks, uttered a horrible loud laugh, and
vomiting fire with rage, menaced the king in the following words, “Villain!
know that I am a Bráhman demon, Jválámukha by name, and this aśvattha-tree my
dwelling is not trespassed upon even by gods, but thou hast presumed to occupy
and enjoy it with thy wife. So receive from me, returned from my nightly
wanderings, the fruit of thy presumption. I, even I, O wicked one, will tear
out and devour the heart of thee, whose mind love has overpowered, aye, and I
will drink thy blood.”
When the
king heard this dreadful threat, and saw that his wife was terrified, knowing
that the monster was invulnerable, he humbly said to him in his terror, “Pardon
the sin which I have ignorantly committed against you, for I am a guest come to
this your hermitage, imploring your protection. And I will give you what you
desire, by bringing a human victim, whose flesh will glut your appetite; so be
appeased, and dismiss your anger.” When the Bráhman demon heard this speech of
the king’s, he was pacified, and said to himself, “So be it! That will do.”
Then he said to the king, “I will overlook the insult you have offered me on
the following conditions. You must find a Bráhman boy, who, though seven years
old and intelligent, is of so noble a character that he is ready to offer
himself for your sake. And his mother and father must place him on the earth,
and hold him firmly by the hands and feet, while he is being sacrificed. And
when you have found such a human victim, you must yourself slay him with a
sword-stroke, and so offer him up to me on the seventh day from this. If you
comply with these conditions, well and good; but, if not, king, I will in a
moment destroy you and all your court.” When the king heard this, in his terror
he agreed at once to the conditions proposed, and the Bráhman demon immediately
disappeared.
Then king
Chandrávaloka mounted his horse, and set out with Indívaraprabhá in quest of
his army, in a state of the utmost despondency. He said to himself, “Alas! I,
bewildered by hunting and love, have suddenly incurred destruction like Páṇḍu;
fool that I am! For whence can I obtain for this Rákshasa a victim, such as he
has described? So I will go in the meantime to my own town, and see what will
happen.” While thus reflecting, he met his own army, that had come in search of
him, and with that and his wife he entered his city of Chitrakúṭa. Then the
whole kingdom rejoiced, when they saw that he had obtained a suitable wife, but
the king passed the rest of the day in suppressed sorrow.
The next
day he communicated to his ministers in secret all that had taken place, and a
discreet minister among them said to him, “Do not be downcast, king, for I will
search for and bring you such a victim, for the earth contains many marvels.”
When the
minister had consoled the king in these words, he had made with the utmost
rapidity a golden image of a seven-years-old child, and he adorned its ears
with jewels, and placed it on a chariot, and had it carried about in the towns,
villages, and stations of herdsmen. And while that image of a child was being
carried about, the minister had the following proclamation continually made in
front of it, with beat of drum; “If a Bráhman boy of seven years old will
willingly offer himself to a Bráhman demon for the good of the community, and
if his mother and father will permit the brave boy to offer himself, and will
hold his hands and feet while he is being slain, the king will give to that
boy, who is so eager to benefit his parents as to comply with these conditions,
this image of gold and gems, together with a hundred villages.”
Now it
happened that a certain seven-years-old Bráhman boy, living on a royal grant to
Bráhmans, who was of great courage and admirable character, heard this
proclamation. Even in his childhood this boy had always taken pleasure in
benefiting his fellow-men, as he had practised that virtue in a former life; in
fact he seemed like the ripe result of the merits of the king’s subjects
incarnate in bodily form. So he came and said to the men who were making this
proclamation, “I will offer myself up for your good; but first, I will go and
inform my parents; then I will return to you.” When he said this to them, they
were delighted, and they let him go. So he went home, and folding his hands in
an attitude of supplication, he said to his parents; “I wish to offer for the
good of the community this perishable body of mine; so permit me to do so, and
put an end to your poverty. For if I do so, the king will give me this image of
myself, made of gold and gems, together with a hundred villages, and on receiving
them, I will make them over to you. In this way I shall pay my debt to you, and
at the same time benefit my fellow-men; and your poverty will be at an end, and
you will have many sons to replace me.”
As soon as
he had said this, his parents answered him; “What is this that you say, son?
Are you distracted with wind? Or are you planet-struck? Unless you are one of
these, how could you talk in this wild way? Who would cause his son’s death for
the sake of wealth? What child would sacrifice its body?” When the boy heard
this speech of his parents, he rejoined; “I do not speak from a disordered
intellect; hear my speech, which is full of sense. This body, which is full of
indescribable impurities, which is loathsome by its very birth, and the abode
of pain, will soon perish anyhow. So wise men say that the only solid and
permanent thing in a fleeting universe is that merit which is acquired by means
of this very frail and perishable body. And what greater merit can there be
than the benefiting of all creatures? So, if I do not show devotion to my
parents, what fruit shall I reap from my body?” By this speech and others of
the same kind the resolute boy induced his weeping parents to consent to his
wish. And he went to the king’s servants, and obtained from them that golden
image, together with a grant of a hundred villages, and gave them to his
parents. Then he made the king’s servants precede him, and went quickly,
accompanied by his parents, to the king in Chitrakúṭa. Then king Chandrávaloka,
beholding arrived the boy, whose courage was so perfect, and who thus resembled
a bright protecting talisman, was exceedingly delighted. So he had him adorned
with garlands, and anointed with unguents, and putting him on the back of an
elephant, he took him with his parents to the abode of the Bráhman demon.
Then the
chaplain drew a circle near the aśvattha-tree, and performed the requisite
rites, and made an oblation to the fire. And then the Bráhman demon Jválámukha
appeared, uttering a loud laugh, and reciting the Vedas. His appearance was
very terrible; he was drunk with a full draught of blood, yawning, and panting
frequently; his eyes blazed, and he darkened the whole horizon with the shadow
of his body. Then king Chandrávaloka, beholding him, bent before him, and said;
“Adorable one, I have brought you this human sacrifice, and it is now the
seventh day, gentle Sir, since I promised it you; so be propitious, receive
this sacrifice, as is due.” When the king made this request, the Bráhman demon
looked at the Bráhman boy, licking the corners of his mouth with his tongue.
At that
moment the noble boy, in his joy, said to himself, “Let not the merit, which I
acquire by this sacrifice of my body, gain for me heaven, or even a salvation
which involves no benefits to others, but may I be privileged to offer up my
body for the benefit of others in birth after birth!” While he was forming this
aspiration, the heaven was suddenly filled with the chariots of the heavenly
host, who rained flowers.
Then the
boy was placed in front of the Bráhman demon, and his mother took hold of his
hands and his father of his feet. Then the king drew his sword, and prepared to
slay him; but at that moment the child laughed so loudly, that all there, the
Bráhman demon included, abandoned the occupation in which they were engaged,
and in their astonishment put their palms together, and bowing, looked at his
face.
When the
Vetála had told this entertaining and romantic tale, he once more put a
question to king Trivikramasena; “So tell me, king, what was the reason that
the boy laughed in such an awful moment as that of his own death? I feel great
curiosity to know it, so, if you know, and do not tell me, your head shall
split into a hundred pieces.”
When the
king heard this from the Vetála, he answered him, “Hear what was the meaning of
that child’s laugh. It is well known that a weak creature, when danger comes
upon it, calls upon its father or mother to save its life. And if its father
and mother be gone, it invokes the protection of the king who is appointed to
succour the afflicted, and if it cannot obtain the aid of the king, it calls
upon the deity under whose special protection it is. Now, in the case of that
child, all those were present, and all behaved in exactly the opposite manner
to what might have been expected of them. The child’s parents held its hands
and feet out of greed of gain, and the king was eager to slay it, to save his
own life, and the Bráhman demon, its protecting deity, was ready to devour it.
The child said to itself; ‘To think that these should be thus deluded, being
led so much astray for the sake of the body, which is perishable, loathsome
within, and full of pain and disease. Why should they have such a strange
longing for the continuance of the body, in a world in which Brahmá, Indra,
Vishṇu, Śiva, and the other gods must certainly perish.’ Accordingly the
Bráhman boy laughed out of joy and wonder, joy at feeling that he had
accomplished his object, and wonder at beholding the marvellous strangeness of
their delusion.”
When the
king had said this, he ceased, and the Vetála immediately left his shoulder,
and went back to his own place, disappearing by his magic power. But the king,
without hesitating for a moment, rapidly pursued him; the hearts of great men,
as of great seas, are firm and unshaken.
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