VISHNU PURANA. - BOOK
III.
CHAP. VIII.--How
Vishnu is to be worshipped, as related by Aurva to Sagara. Duties of the four
castes, severally and in common: also in time of distress.
CHAP. VIII.
How Vishnu is to be
worshipped, as related by Aurva to Sagara. Duties of the four castes, severally
and in common: also in time of distress.
MAITREYA.--Inform
me, venerable teacher, how the supreme deity, the lord of the universe, Vishnu,
is worshipped by those who are desirous of overcoming the world; and what
advantages are reaped by men, assiduous in his adoration, from the propitiated
Govinda.
PARAS'ARA.--The
question you have asked was formerly put by Sagara to Aurva. I will repeat to
you his reply.
Sagara having bowed
down before Aurva, the descendant of Bhrigu, asked him what were the best means
of pleasing Vishnu, and what would be the consequence of obtaining his favour.
Aurva replied, "He who pleases Vishnu obtains all terrestrial enjoyments;
heaven and a place in heaven; and what is best of all, final liberation:
whatever he wishes, and to whatever extent, whether much or little, he receives
it, when Achyuta is content with him. In what manner his favour is to be
secured, that also I will, oh king, impart to you, agreeably to your desire.
The supreme Vishnu is propitiated by a man who observes the institutions of
caste, order, and purificatory practices: no other path is the way to please
him. He who offers sacrifices, sacrifices to him; he who murmurs prayer, prays
to him; he who injures living creatures, injures him; for Hari is all beings.
Janarddana therefore is propitiated by him who is attentive to established
observances, and follows the duties prescribed for his caste. The Brahman, the
Kshatriya, the Vais'ya, and the S'udra, who attends to the rules enjoined his
caste, best worships Vishnu. Kes'ava is most pleased with him who does good to
others; who never utters abuse, calumny, or untruth; who never covets another's
wife or another's wealth, and who bears ill-will towards none; who neither
beats nor slays any animate or inanimate thing; who is ever diligent in the
service of the gods, of the. Brahmans, and of his spiritual preceptor; who is
always desirous of the welfare of all creatures, of his children, and of his
own soul; in whose pure heart no pleasure is derived from the imperfections of
love and hatred. The man, oh monarch, who conforms to the duties enjoined by
scriptural authority for every caste and condition of life, is he who best
worships Vishnu: there is no other mode."
Aurva having thus
spoken, Sagara said to him, "Tell me then, venerable Brahman, what are the
duties of caste and condition: I am desirous of knowing them." To which
Aurva answered and said, "Attentively listen to the duties which I shall
describe as those severally of the Brahman, the Kshatriya, the Vais'ya, and the
S'udra. The Brahman should make gifts, should worship the gods with sacrifices,
should be assiduous in studying the Vedas, should perform ablutions and
libations with water, and should preserve the sacred flame. For the sake of
subsistence he may offer sacrifices on behalf of others, and may instruct them
in the S'astras; and he may accept presents of a liberal description in a
becoming manner (or from respectable persons, and at an appropriate season). He
must ever seek to promote the good of others, and do evil unto none; for the
best riches of a Brahman are universal benevolence. He should look upon the
jewels of another person as if they were pebbles; and should, at proper
periods, procreate offspring by his wife. These are the duties of a Brahman.
"The man of the
warrior tribe should cheerfully give presents to Brahmans, perform various
sacrifices, and study the scriptures. His especial sources of maintenance are
arms and the protection of the earth. The guardianship of the earth is indeed
his especial province: by the discharge of this duty a king attains his
objects, and realizes a share of the merit of all sacrificial rites. By
intimidating the bad, and cherishing the good, the monarch who maintains the
discipline of the different castes secures whatever region he desires.
"Brahma, the
great parent of creation, gave to the Vais'ya the occupations of commerce and
agriculture, and the feeding of flocks and herds, for his means of livelihood;
and sacred study, sacrifice, and donation are also his duties, as is the
observance of fixed and occasional rites.
"Attendance
upon the three regenerate castes is the province of the S'udra, and by that he
is to subsist, or by the profits of trade, or the earnings of mechanical
labour. He is also to make gifts; and he may offer the sacrifices in which food
is presented, as well as obsequial offerings.
"Besides these
their respective obligations, there are duties equally incumbent upon all the
four castes. These are, the acquisition of property, for the support of their
families; cohabitation with their wives, for the sake of progeny; tenderness
towards all creatures, patience, humility, truth, purity, contentment, decency
of decoration, gentleness of speech, friendliness; and freedom from envy and repining,
from avarice, and from detraction. These also are the duties of every condition
of life.
"In times of
distress the peculiar functions of the castes may be modified, as you shall
hear. A Brahman may follow the occupations of a Kshatriya or a Vais'ya; the
Kshatriya may adopt those of the Vais'ya; and the Vais'ya those of the
Kshatriya: but these two last should never descend to the functions of the
S'udra, if it be possible to avoid them ; and if that be not possible, they
must at least shun the functions of the mined castes. I will now, Raja, relate
to you the duties of the several Asramas or conditions of life."
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III. CHAP. VII.
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III. CHAP. VI
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III. CHAP. V
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III. CHAP. IV
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III.- CHAP. III
VISHNU
PURANA. - BOOK III.- CHAP. II.
चंद्रकांता
(उपन्यास) पहला अध्याय : देवकीनन्दन खत्री
खूनी औरत का
सात खून (उपन्यास) : किशोरी लाल गोस्वामी
ब्राह्मण की
बेटी : शरतचंद्र चट्टोपाध्याय (बांग्ला उपन्यास)
SELF-SUGGESTION AND
THE NEW HUNA THEORY OF MESMERISM AND HYPNOSIS – chapter-1, BY- MAX FREEDOM LONG
VISHNU PURAN-BOOK I
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VISHNU PURANA. -
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= THOUGHT: CREATIVE AND EXHAUSTIVE. MEDITATION EXERCISE.
HIGHER REASON AND
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QUEEN CHUNDALAI, THE
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THE POWER OF THE
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KUNDALINI,
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TO THE KUNDALINI—THE
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Yoga Vashist part-1
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-by Arthur Avalon (Sir John Woodroffe),
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All- Chapter -1 Questions relating to
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Tantra
of the Great Liberation
श्वेतकेतु और
उद्दालक, उपनिषद की कहानी, छान्द्योग्यापनिषद,
GVB THE UNIVERSITY OF VEDA
यजुर्वेद
मंत्रा हिन्दी व्याख्या सहित, प्रथम अध्याय 1-10,
GVB THE UIVERSITY OF VEDA
उषस्ति की
कठिनाई, उपनिषद की कहानी, आपदकालेमर्यादानास्ति,
_4 -GVB the uiversity of veda
वैराग्यशतकम्, योगी
भर्तृहरिकृत, संस्कृत काव्य, हिन्दी
व्याख्या, भाग-1, gvb the university of Veda
G.V.B. THE
UNIVERSITY OF VEDA ON YOU TUBE
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